62 research outputs found
Procedural Montage: A Design Trace of Reflection and Refraction
Narrative media may vary the adjacency of fixed textual passages to drive rhizomatic readings through a montage procedure. We present the design of âexul materâ, a hypertext fiction which locates perlocutionary acts in virtual spaces and resonant gaps. We reflect on sculptural fiction, the (de)formance of complex systems, and tarot reading as methods of layering metaphorical blends into polysemous juxtapositional elements. exul mater consists of one set of such elements and their pairwise juxtapositions, as presented through an interface which supports higher-order âgap-fillingâ reading(s). We draw on peer feedback to address challenges to readability arising from the narrative application of procedural montage
RuleVis: Constructing Patterns and Rules for Rule-Based Models
We introduce RuleVis, a web-based application for defining and editing
"correct-by-construction" executable rules that model biochemical
functionality, which can be used to simulate the behavior of protein-protein
interaction networks and other complex systems. Rule-based models involve
emergent effects based on the interactions between rules, which can vary
considerably with regard to the scale of a model, requiring the user to inspect
and edit individual rules. RuleVis bridges the graph rewriting and systems
biology research communities by providing an external visual representation of
salient patterns that experts can use to determine the appropriate level of
detail for a particular modeling context. We describe the visualization and
interaction features available in RuleVisand provide a detailed example
demonstrating how RuleVis can be used to reason about intracellular
interactions
Northern cod species face spawning habitat losses if global warming exceeds 1.5°C
Source at: http://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aas8821 Rapid climate change in the Northeast Atlantic and Arctic poses a threat to some of the worldâs largest fish populations.
Impacts of warming and acidification may become accessible through mechanism-based risk assessments
and projections of future habitat suitability. We show that ocean acidification causes a narrowing of embryonic
thermal ranges, which identifies the suitability of spawning habitats as a critical life-history bottleneck for two
abundant cod species. Embryonic tolerance ranges linked to climate simulations reveal that ever-increasing CO2
emissions [Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5] will deteriorate suitability of present spawning habitat
for both Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and Polar cod (Boreogadus saida) by 2100. Moderate warming (RCP4.5) may
avert dangerous climate impacts on Atlantic cod but still leaves few spawning areas for the more vulnerable Polar
cod, which also loses the benefits of an ice-covered ocean. Emissions following RCP2.6, however, support largely
unchanged habitat suitability for both species, suggesting that risks are minimized if warming is held âbelow 2°C,
if not 1.5°C,â as pledged by the Paris Agreement
Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2.5 air pollution, 1990-2019 : an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Background Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2.5 originating from ambient and household air pollution.Methods We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposure-response curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regression-Bayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM2.5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100 000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM2.5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals.Findings In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM2.5 exposure, with an estimated 3.78 (95% uncertainty interval 2.68-4.83) deaths per 100 000 population and 167 (117-223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100 000 population. Approximately 13.4% (9.49-17.5) of deaths and 13.6% (9.73-17.9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2.5, and 6.50% (4.22-9.53) of deaths and 5.92% (3.81-8.64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. Since 1990, the attributable burden has increased by 50%, driven largely by population growth and ageing. Globally, the impact of reductions in household air pollution was largely offset by increased ambient PM2.5.Interpretation Air pollution is a major risk factor for diabetes. We estimated that about a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes is attributable PM2.5 pollution. Air pollution mitigation therefore might have an essential role in reducing the global disease burden resulting from type 2 diabetes. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe
Estimates, trends, and drivers of the global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2.5 air pollution, 1990-2019 : An analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Background
Experimental and epidemiological studies indicate an association between exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution and increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In view of the high and increasing prevalence of diabetes, we aimed to quantify the burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to PM2·5 originating from ambient and household air pollution.
Methods
We systematically compiled all relevant cohort and case-control studies assessing the effect of exposure to household and ambient fine particulate matter (PM2·5) air pollution on type 2 diabetes incidence and mortality. We derived an exposureâresponse curve from the extracted relative risk estimates using the MR-BRT (meta-regressionâBayesian, regularised, trimmed) tool. The estimated curve was linked to ambient and household PM2·5 exposures from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019, and estimates of the attributable burden (population attributable fractions and rates per 100â000 population of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years) for 204 countries from 1990 to 2019 were calculated. We also assessed the role of changes in exposure, population size, age, and type 2 diabetes incidence in the observed trend in PM2·5-attributable type 2 diabetes burden. All estimates are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals.
Findings
In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes was attributable to PM2·5 exposure, with an estimated 3·78 (95% uncertainty interval 2·68â4·83) deaths per 100â000 population and 167 (117â223) disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100â000 population. Approximately 13·4% (9·49â17·5) of deaths and 13·6% (9·73â17·9) of DALYs due to type 2 diabetes were contributed by ambient PM2·5, and 6·50% (4·22â9·53) of deaths and 5·92% (3·81â8·64) of DALYs by household air pollution. High burdens, in terms of numbers as well as rates, were estimated in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and South America. Since 1990, the attributable burden has increased by 50%, driven largely by population growth and ageing. Globally, the impact of reductions in household air pollution was largely offset by increased ambient PM2·5.
Interpretation
Air pollution is a major risk factor for diabetes. We estimated that about a fifth of the global burden of type 2 diabetes is attributable PM2·5 pollution. Air pollution mitigation therefore might have an essential role in reducing the global disease burden resulting from type 2 diabetes
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